Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Jarak Kehamilan dan Riwayat Hipertensi Mempengaruhi Kejadian Preeklampsia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32584/jikm.v2i2.377Keywords:
Faktor Maternal, Pre Eklamsia, Ibu HamilAbstract
ABSTRAK Preeklampsia adalah timbulnya hipertensi disertai proteinuria dan edema akibat kehamilan setelah usia kehamilan 20 minggu atau segera setelah persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan faktor maternal dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kaliwungu Kabupaten Kendal. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan case control yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2019. Sampel sebanyak 120 responden ibu hamil dengan metode sampling purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa usia (p=0,327), imt (p=0,000), gravida (p=1,000), jarak kehamilan (p=0,041), kehamilan ganda (p=1,000), riwayat keguguran (p=1,000), riwayat preeklampsia (p=0,114), riwayat hipertensi (p=0,000). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara IMT, jarak kehamilan, dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklampsia dan tidak ada hubungan antara usia, gravida, kehamilan ganda, riwayat keguguran, dan riwayat preeklampsia dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kaliwungu Kabupaten Kendal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada ibu hamil baik yang usia berisiko (<20 tahun atau >35 tahun) ataupun ibu hamil yang usia tidak berisiko (20-35 tahun) harus menjaga kesehatan dan selalu waspada terhadap bahaya preeklampsia dan rutin untuk melakukan pemeriksaan ke layanan kesehatan.Bagi tenaga kesehatan dihimbau agar lebih intens lagi dalam melakukan skrining dini terhadap preeklampsia dan dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan terutama kepada ibu hamil yang akan memasuki usia kehamilan 20 minggu melalui kelas-kelas ibu hamil.Kata Kunci: Faktor maternal, Preeklampsia, Ibu Hamil ABSTRACTPreeclampsia is the onset of hypertension with proteinuria and pregnancy-induced edema after 20 weeks of gestation or immediately after delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between maternal factors and the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the working area of the Kaliwungu Health Center in Kendal District. The method used is an analytical survey with case control approach conducted in March 2019. Samples were 120 respondents, of pregnant women with sampling method is purposive sampling. The results showed that age (p = 0,327), body mass index (p = 0,000), gravida (p = 1,000), pregnancy distance (p = 0.041), multiple pregnancies (p = 1,000), history of miscarriage (p = 1,000), history of preeclampsia (p = 0.114), history of hypertension (p = 0,000). Conclusion there is a relationship between body mass index, pregnancy distance, and history of hypertension with the incidence of preeclampsia and no relationship between age, gravida, multiple pregnancies, history of miscarriage, and history of preeclampsia with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the Kaliwungu Public Health Center Kendal District. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that pregnant women who are at risk (<20 years or> 35 years old) or pregnant women who are not at risk (20-35 years old) must maintain health and always be aware of the dangers of preeclampsia and routinely check health services. For health workers are urged to be more intense in conducting early screening for preeclampsia and can provide health education especially to pregnant women who will enter 20 weeks gestation through classes of pregnant women.Keywords: maternal factors, preeclampsia, pregnant womenLiterature: (2000-2018)References
Astrina, Niki., Wahtini, Sri. (2014). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia/Eklampsia di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. STIKES Aisyiyah Yogyakarta.
Bangkele, Elly Yane., Lintin, Gabriella., Anjar, Syavira Andina. (2014). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit Undata Palu Tahun 2014. Medika Tadulako Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran. Vol. 3 No. 1.
Bobak, M.Irene. (2000). Perawatan Maternitas dan Ginekologi. Jakarta: EGC
Cunningham. (2013). Obstetri Williams. Jakarta:Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kendal. (2017). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2016.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kendal. (2018). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2018.
Khuziyah, Siti., Anies., Wahyuni, Sri. (2016). Karakteristik Ibu Hamil Preeklampsia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. Vol. 9 No. 2 ISSN 1978-3167.
Magee, Laura A., Dadelszen, Peter von., Stones, William & Mathai, Matthews. (2016). Pregnancy Hypertension An Evidence-based Guide to Monitoring, Prevention, and Management. The Global Library of Woman’s Medicine. Textbooks.
Mansjoer, Arif., Triyanti, Kuspuji., Savitri, Rakhmi., Wardhani, Wahyu Ika., Setio Wulan, Wiwiek. (2001). Kapita Selekta Kedokteran Edisi Ketiga Jilid 1. Media Aesculapius. Fakutas Kedokteran UI.
Situmorang, Tigor H., Damantalm, Yuhana., Januarista, Afrina., Sukri. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil di Poli KIA RSU Anutapura Palu. Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako.Vol.2 No.1
Stone J., Bigelow CA., Pereira GA., Warmsley A., Cohen J., Getrajdman C., Moshier E. (2014). Risk factors for new-onset late postpartum preeclampsia in women without a history of preeclampsia.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. E-book.
Sutrimah., Mifbakhuddin., Wahyuni, Dwi. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.
Tahir, Suriani., Daswati. (2017). Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Preeklampsia di RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa. Jurnal Voice of Midwifery. Vol. 7 No. 9
Utama, Sri Yun. (2008). Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Berat pada Ibu Hamil di RSD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi. Vol.8 No.2.
Wandabwa J., Doyle, P., Kiondo, P., Campbell, O., Maconichie, N., Welishe, G. (2010). Risk Factors For Severe Preeclampsia And Eclampsia In Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. East African Medical Journal
WHO. (2018). Maternal Mortality The Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescent’s Health. Diakses
tanggal 10 Oktober 2018 pukul 07.45 WIB melalui http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality.
Wibowo, Y. M. H., Marchira, C. R. (2013). Common Mental Disorders Increase Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Risks in Pregnancy. Universa Medicina.. Vol. 32 No. 1.
Wiknjosasro, H. (2005).Ilmu Kebidanan. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo.
Windaryani Yuyun, Sunarti Dode, & Alfrida Mallo. (2013). Hubungan AntaraPrimigravida/Multigravida Dengan Angka Kejadian Preeklampsia/Eklampsia Di RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar. Volume 1 Nomor 6 Tahun2013. ISSN : 2302-1721.
Wulandari, Priharyanti., Andrika, Yuyun Ida., Aini, Khusnul. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia di Puskesmas Sumber Kabupaten Rembang. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Indonesia. Vol. 1 No.2 ISSN: 2580-3077.
Wulandari, Siswi. (2015). Hubungan Antara Jarak Kehamilan dan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Peeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di RS Aura SYifa Kabupaten Kediri Tahun 2015. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Kediri.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.