Meta Analysis: Potential Age and Gender Factors Against Depression Events in the Pandemic Time Covid-19
Keywords:
age, depression, gender, meta analysisAbstract
The consistent negative psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is mental health disorders in the form of depression. Various studies have shown that several factors can influence, such as gender and age. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to measure the influence of gender and age on the incidence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries. Database searches were conducted from January-March 2021. Databases included PubMed, Google Scholar, NIH, CDC, and Science Direct. Key words include: “COVID 19 and depression†and “COVID 19 and depression and adjusted Odds Ratioâ€, “COVID 19 and depression and age†and “COVID 19 and depression and age and adjusted odds ratioâ€. 5 articles included to quantitative analysis. People aged ≥ 25 years were 2.65 times more likely to experience depression although the result was not significant OR 2.65 (95% CI 0.98-7.18; P = 0.05). Women had 1.77 times the risk of experiencing depression than men and it was statistically significant OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.36-.2.28; P <0.001).References
Almirall AS, et al.(2020). Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona. PLOS ONE. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237960.
Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J and Zheng J (2020) The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.Psychiatry Research 287,1–5.
Chang J, Yuan Y and Wang D (2020) Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Southern Medical University 40, 171–176.
Daly M, Sutin AR, Robinson E. (2020). Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Psychol Med ; published online Nov 13. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720004432.32.
Fancourt D, Andrew S, Feifei B (2021) ‘Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study’. Lancet Psychiatry 8: 141–49, pp. 19–21.
Flint J, Kendler KS.(2014). The genetics of major depression. Neuron 2014;81: 484–503.
Généreux, M. et al. (2020) ‘One Virus, Four Continents, Eight Countries: An Interdisciplinary and International Study on the Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults’, SSRN Electronic Journal, (November), pp. 1–16. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3696869.
Girgus, J. S., Yang, K. and Ferri, C. V. (2017) ‘The gender difference in depression: Are elderly women at greater risk for depression than elderly men?’, Geriatrics (Switzerland), 2(4). doi: 10.3390/geriatrics2040035.
Handayani, R., Kuntari, S., Darmayanti, A., Widiyanto, A., Atmojo, J. (2020). Factors Causing Stress in Health and Community When the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 8(3) 353-360. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.3.2020.353-360.
Howard LM, Molyneaux E, Dennis CL, Rochat T, Stein A, Milgrom J. (2014). Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period. Lancet 2014; 384: 1775–88.
Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H and Liu Z (2020) The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry 7, e14.
Joy M, McGagh D, Jones N, et al. (2020). Reorganisation of primary care for older adults during COVID-19: a cross-sectional database study in the UK. Br J Gen Pract 2020; 70: e540–47.
Kuehner, C. (2017) ‘Why is depression more common among women than among men?’, The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), pp. 146–158. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30263-2.
Liberati, A. Altman, Tetzlaff, Mulrow, Gotzsche, Ioannidis, Clarke, Devereaux, Kleijnen, and Moher (2009) ‘The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration’, Bmj, 339(jul21 1), pp. b2700–b2700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700.
Lee, J.; Lee, K.J.; Kim, H. (2017). Gender differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Asian J. Psychiatry 2017, 26, 124–128.
Minghuan W, et al. (2021). Acute psychological impact on COVID-19 patients in Hubei: a multicenter observational study. Translational Psychiatry. 11:133. doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01259-0.
Ramanathan, K. et al. (2020) ‘Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this for unrestricted research re-use a’, (January), pp. 19–21.
Suminanto, S., Widiyanto, A., Handayani, R. T., Kuntari, S., Darmayanti, A. T., & Atmojo, J. T. (2021). Strategi Koping Tenaga Kesehatan selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 4(1), 141-148.
Smith DJ, Escott-Price V, Davies G, et al. (2016). Genome-wide analysis of over 106 000 individuals identiï¬ es 9 neuroticism-associated loci. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21: 749–57.
Sharpley CF, Palanisamy SK, Glyde NS, Dillingham PW, Agnew LL. (2014). An update on the interaction between the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress and depression, plus an exploration of non-conï¬ rming ï¬ ndings. Behav Brain Res;273: 89–105.
Torales, J.; O’Higgins, M.; Castaldelli-Maia, J.M.; Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 66, 317–320.
Trives, J.J.R.; Bravo, B.N.; Postigo, J.M.L.; Segura, L.R.; Watkins, E. (2016). Age and gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Autobiographical memory, rumination, problem solving and distraction.Span J. Psychol, 19, 1–9.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS and Ho RC (2020) Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17,1–25.
Xiang YT, Jin Y and Cheung T (2020). Joint international collaboration to combat mental health challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry 77, 989–990. doi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32275289/.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S.; Aldao, A. (2011). Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms. Personal. Individ. Differ, 51, 704–708.
Leach, L.S.; Christensen, H.; Mackinnon, A.J.; Windsor, T.D.; Butterworth, P. (2008). Gender differences in depression and anxiety across the adult lifespan: The role of psychosocial mediators. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2008, 43, 983–998.
Z, Ma . et al. (2020) ‘Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China’, Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000931.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.