STUDI KASUS: PERAWATAN BAYI HIPERBILIRUBINEMIA DALAM MENCEGAH KOMPLIKASI KERNIKTERUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32584/jika.v5i2.1318Keywords:
Perawatan, Bayi baru lahir, Hiperbilirubinemia, Kernikterus, Nursing care, Neonatal, Hyperbilirubinemia, KernicterusAbstract
Hiperbilirubinemia bayi baru lahir terjadi jika kadar bilirubin serum total >5 mg/dL. Peningkatankadar bilirubin serum total yang sangat tinggi dapat menimbulkan komplikasi kernikterus. Tujuanpenelitian adalah menganalisis asuhan keperawatan bayi baru lahir dengan hiperbilirubinemia dalammencegah terjadinya komplikasi kernikterus. Desain penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif denganmetode studi kasus. Partisipan adalah lima bayi baru lahir cukup bulan dengan hiperbilirubinemiadan lama pemberian asuhan keperawatan selama tiga hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadipeningkatan kadar bilirubin total serum antara 13,74-21,20 mg/dL dan tidak adanya gejalakernikterus. Diagnosis keperawatan yang muncul yaitu ikterik neonatus berhubungan denganpenurunan berat badan abnormal dan umur kurang dari 7 hari, defisit nutrisi berhubungan denganpeningkatan kebutuhan metabolisme, hipertermia berhubungan dengan peningkatan lajumetabolisme, dan hipovolemia berhubungan dengan intake cairan tidak adekuat. Prioritas diagnosiskeperawatan yaitu pada masalah ikterik neonatus dengan pelaksanaan tindakan utama yangdilakukan yaitu memberikan perawatan fototerapi (single dan double fototerapi), pemantauanpemberian asupan cairan (ASI/ susu formula), mengidentifikasi derajat ikterik, memantau beratbadan, dan memonitor kadar bilirubin total serum. Evaluasi keperawatan yaitu rata-rata penurunankadar bilirubin total sebesar 4,95 mg/dL dan tidak ada komplikasi kernikterus. Kesimpulan penelitianyaitu pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada masalah ikterik neonatus dengan benar dapat mencegahkomplikasi kernikterus. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan perawat mampu mengenaligejala komplikasi kernikterus (ensefalopati bilirubin akut dan kronis).References
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